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Research
This page will present a review of different research sources I have consulted for my project. The page will showcase my research plan and research activities that I have conducted to answer my research question which underpins my project. The evidence of my research includes:
Research plan, subject research ( literature and resources reviews), target audience research, skills and techniques research and production research. I will conclude with the research report where I will write about my research findings.
- qualitative -my own (analysing)
- quantitative- data (questionnaire)
What needs to be researched?
Wes-Anderson shot-type composure
Colour conveying meaning
How to edit colour effectively
Short films
Camera techniques (research different types to see what ones I'm interested in and/or will fit well)
Peoples ideas on improvements from my first 1-minute film
Wes-Anderson costume design
Research plan
Method of research
- YouTube videos
- Watching some of his movies myself, breaking down shot-types (screengrabs from scenes)
- Questionnaire (what colours do people associate feelings to, and what feelings?)
- books
- website/article on colour
- movies (Three Colours: Blue, Red, White)
- YouTube tutorial
- ask a tutor
- YouTube, analyse examples of short films (1 minute films)
- YouTube tutorials
- book (different camera techniques in film)
- YouTube (Wes-Anderson filming techniques)
- Feedback discussion (discuss with my peers there thoughts on my 1-minute short film)
- YouTube
Techniques used
- secondary research (gaining information from an already made research video)
- primary research (watching movies and writing down my own notes)
- qualitative research
- primary research (questionnaire)
- quantitative(peoples own opinions on colours)
- secondary research (books, website/news article)
- primary research (asking a tutor)
- secondary research (YouTube video)
-qualitative research
- primary research (analysing myself)
- secondary research (YouTube)
-qualitative research
- secondary research (YouTube, book's)
- qualitative research
- primary research (feedback)
- qualitative research
- secondary research (YouTube video)
Target audience research plan
- qualitative -my own (analysing)
- quantitative- data (questionnaire)
What needs to be researched?
Peoples favourite genre
Thoughts on my idea
Method of research
- Conduct a questionnaire (ask a range of people of different ages their favourite genre of movies)
- Look at chart averages on the internet
- Discuss personally with people of different ages (at least 2 of the same age) their thoughts on my FMP idea.
Techniques used
- Primary research (getting my own statistics)
- quantitative (questionnaire results)
- secondary (graph results online)
- Primary research (talking to people)
- qualitative
Literature and resources
review
This is a review of different literature and resources I have consulted for this project and how it will influence my further research, study and development of the final idea for my project. I will first present the requirements for my creative media production project detailing skills and techniques for my project. I will then present the findings of my topic / subject research and explain how similar media products influence my project.
Research question
How can colour convey meaning?
Colour theory in film: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lINVnA3rVIE&t=3s
3 factors to determining colour:
- Hue- the colour itself (Think about what your associating the colour with in your film)
Monochromatic Analogous
- Saturation- intensity of the colour (Change the worlds appearance; dirty/gritty or bright/colourful)
De-saturate: bleach-bypass
- Brightness- light or dark (Both bright and dark colours are used to create contrast within a film)
Overall tone or individual colours
bright= exciting darker= dramatic
Color Theory in Film: Filmmaking Techniques for Visual Storytelling (studiobinder.com)
-Associative colours are when a recurring colour is used with a specific character, place or object, connecting visual with emotional storytelling.
-Discordant colours are used to refocus the viewers attention, they stand out from the scene, they are deviations from the original colour scheme of the film, the film Amelie is a great example of this:
Colour psychology
(Risk, 2020)
(Risk, 2020)
(Risk, 2020)
(Movie theme songs and TV soundtracks, n.d.)
(Movie theme songs and TV soundtracks, n.d.)
(LEIGH MONSON , 2019)
(4K shooters , n.d.)
Uses the blue of the lamp to contrast from the red of the wallpaper, lamp and sofa creating depth between Amelie and the wall.
(Risk, 2020)
(Cultura Ocio , 2016)
Blue=good
Red=bad
Darth Vader (character)
is associated with the colour black=bad in contrast with batman who is also assiciated with black but a ''good guy''
I asked some people what colours they associate most with love, to show evidence of this I created a questionnaire.
All 5 people said the associate red the most with love, it was also suggested pinks and one person said yellow. When discussing further with them they all came to the conclusion that they tend to use light colours when it comes to love.
(Risk, 2020)
(Risk, 2020)
(Risk, 2020)
Colour is used in film for visual storytelling, colour is used to determine the Mise-en-scene of an entire movie effecting the audience emotionally, psychologically and sometimes physically. Depending on how you use the colour it can bring attention to specific objects and characters, colours can cause something to stand out to symbolise its importance. Colours meanings are personal to people, red can mean danger or love depending on how its depicted.
For my project I will be using an analogous colour palate. With the exception of some light pinks.
One colour, lighter or darker shades may also be used.
colours next to each other on the colour wheel.
Requirements for my creative media production project
Job Roles
Producer:
The role of a producer is to organise everyone/everything, they are in charge of budgeting and the hiring of other staff. A producer would be responsible for setting the rehearsal and filming schedule, multitasking within a fast-paced environment, communicating with all of the key players, and troubleshooting any issues regarding cast, crew, or budget's. As the producer of my short film I will need to make sure the actors know what they are doing to ensure the filming is done as quick and effectively as possible.
Requirements:
- Bachelor's degree
- Experience in the industry
The ability to multitask and perform under intense pressure and small budgets.
(Culture & Creativity, 2017)
(Gwarlingo , 2018)
(IoT, 2022)
(British Cinematographer , 2018)
Director: Film Director Job Description (betterteam.com)
A directors main role is to motivate and guide the actors to perform their best, they need to be organised and equipped to handle problems they could face, creative to adhere to short time frames and small budgets all while producing a masterpiece. As the director of my short film I will be overseeing the actors and adjusting the story where needed to ensure the best outcome of my short film. Sticking to the schedule.
Requirements:
- A director must have previous experience of working on a set
- bachelor's degree/ masters
The skills gained from directing are confidence, organisational and the ability to adapt quickly to any problems that can occur.
Editor: Film Editor Job Description (betterteam.com)
An editors role is to turn the directors vision into a reality to do so they ensure to be their on set to capture the vision as its being filmed, editors need to have the necessary skills to edit and be highly artistic. As the editor of my own film I I have the vision as the director as well, therefor ensure to pre-plan to make the editing process smoother.
Requirements:
- industry experience
- Bachelor of arts in film and television or media related
- strong knowledge of editing software
The skills gained from editing is great concentration and a lot of patience.
Cinematographer: Cinematographer Job Description (betterteam.com)
They are responsible for the filming, working alongside the director to ensure the correct lighting and camera angles are used to capture the right vision in mind following into post-production. For my short film I will the cinematographer, and will be experimenting with certain techniques I want to use in my film.
Requirements:
- Bachelor's degree in film, production/similar
- experience in the industry
- A passion for film
You gain further attention for detail and the ability to multitask.
Contextual analysis of my study
watch three films and analyse
The Blacksmith: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8gL-9SWVes
The short film 'The Blacksmith' is a short film also inspired by Wes-Anderson, from watching it a couple of times I have taken inspiration from the type of music used to keep the story flowing and guide me as the audience due to it being silent keeping everything very up-beat. In the very beginning the man stands up from the chair, the camera then pans around to a calendar allowing the man to walk back into the shot, this type of camera pan is something I will be using in my own short film and now have a clear example to practice from. The over-all short film is very easy to follow with a simple short story-line and a happy ending for everyone. The beginning credits have inspired me to establish more of my characters surroundings before staring the storyline, in this short film they use the credits to show short clips of objects that are seen throughout.
(Matchcut Studios, 2017)
Amélie:
The Film Amélie uses three main colours throughout the entire movie red, a colour used to signify love, green which is a colour primarily associated with nature and yellow representing warmth all three colours relate to the character Amélie's wide imagination although everyday colours they are over emphasised throughout. Both red and green are complementary colours with the use of blue throughout scenes as a break up colour within an image; colour being a big part of my short film. This film gave me inspiration for the types of playful colours that can used, and the imaginative feel the overall movie has. I wanted to reflect this in my own project with scenes of the character doing what they love to build their background. For example I'll have the character always reading this becoming a trait of theirs, as in the film Amélie we learn at the very beginning the things she loves; sticking her hand in a bag of grain carried on throughout the film.
(IMDb, 2001)
Moonrise Kingdom:
The Film Moonrise Kingdom is a Wes-Anderson film, it's one of his films that inspired my short film in many different ways. Firstly it's a not very conventional love story between two young characters, relating to the romance in my short film. There are many various shot-types used that I will be using throughout my short film, they make the film more satisfying to watch in a way I love the simplicity of the story line and the colour palette used with very bright pastel yellows and browns. In my film I will be choosing specific colours to represent the love growing and want the overall theme to be very bright and sunny in a way just like Moonrise Kingdom.
(IMDb, 2012)
Research design and strategies
Under this heading I will explain research methods and design for my project. I will present the research I have done for my target audience, further research for the subject of my project, research on skills and techniques required for my project and the production research.
For My target audience research I firstly spoke to friends/family about their favourite genres of film following on I told them my idea to gain feedback on what they like/don't like about it.
-Primary research.
I then researched online looking at graphs showing the difference in men/women
that prefer romance as a genre furthermore the majority age of this percentage.
-Secondary research.
(Statista , n.d.)
For subject/topic research I was looking at resources on Wes-Anderson and
specifically his stylistic approach within the Wes-Anderson films. Firstly I looked at
Wes-Anderson styled shots using online resources websites, YouTube videos,
from this I was able to take key notes and example's'. I then loves onto the
Wes-Anderson colour palate using yet again YouTube videos to help break down
his movies very specific colour palate.
-Secondary research
(Studio Binder , 2021)
For skills and techniques research I firstly looked over past work to refresh my
memory on the techniques, I then used online recourses; YouTube to gain new
knowledge of editing and camera techniques.
-Secondary research
For further skills and techniques I experimented with the camera myself after
having looked on YouTube to gain a better understanding of how filming
will work out; I also then edited this footage.
-Primary research
(Ian Killick, 2021)
Subject / topic research
Wes-Anderson:
Wes-Anderson style shots -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muqE8bRoIOk
Symmetrical framing- is used to centre the attention on the character placed in the centre of the shot, symmetry in film induces a sense of calmness to a scene to create a simple moment.
Wes-Anderson uses lots of wide lenses to capture symmetrical shots throughout his movies, this ties along with the set design to ensure both sides of the frame are symmetrical.
Whip pans and tilts- (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhYvs7rrGnw) whip pans (sweeps around a scene) the camera rotates while remaining in the same position, creates a blurred affect and acts like a neutral shot. Can indicate what the character sees/ is heading, moves to a whole other location.
Wes-Anderson uses this type of camera transition to move from character to character, scene to scene or one part of the set to another.
Slow-motion shot- slow-motion is used to create emphasis to an action occuring in a scene, the audience will notice what the director wants them to showing details normal speed wont.
Wes-Anderson uses slow-motion during a sequence for example when a character's plan is being carried out/in action, paired with background music to match the energy of the scene.
The tracking shot- The camera moves physically with the object/person in the scene, lasting longer than most scenes it immerse the audience into the scene showing more of the surroundings.
Wes-Anderson has the camera walking alongside the characters, can also be seen moving in front or behind, tends to be when a character is on a mission or being chased.
The Birds-eye view- A shot looking directly down, can be used to establish a scene and even portray the insignificance/smallness of a character amongst the setting/scene.
Wes-Anderson will use this type of shot to isolate something specific, a series of notes, an object that has some importance to the film.
- Wes-Anderson uses saturated colours to cause an opposite affect to mundane scenes look like a comic book.
(StudioBinder , 2019)
(Capucine, 2017)
(TAXI, 2019)
(CINE UPDATE, 2013)
The Darjeeling Limited one of the first scenes the character Pater is shown to be catching a train 'The Darjeeling Limited' the camera tracks along with the train as he tries to jump on.
Moonrise Kingdom a slow motion scene emphasising a plan taking action, the two characters holding hands have just gotten married and are now running away together with the help of the scouts.
The Royal Tenenbaums a birds-eye view shot of the character Richie Tenenbaum, you can see the use of blue lighting makes the scene very cold and even more saddening reflecting on the characters emptiness in the scene
(THE TAKE, 2022)
The Grand Budapest hotel, a scene from the very beginning of the movie, this scene shows the two characters Zero and an author eating dinner. The scene has equal distance between the two characters and the same items on either side of them. This wide shot shows off the scenery behind them to keep in mind for later shots.
Colour's of Wes-Anderson: Color Theory and Wes Anderson's Style — Sad Characters in a Colorful World - YouTube
He tends to gravitate towards primary colours (red, yellow and blue) using a high saturation to cause the primary colours to pop, marking a shift in tone when using a lower saturation to create a different emotion for the audience and the mixture of bright and dark. HSB
All of these combined contrast from the dark subject matter Wes-Anderson deals with in his bright and colourful worlds, his characters hold very harsh traumas. His characters are often connected to a single colours, tying them in with that specific emotion. He has created a bipolar tone, the characters clash with the bright world they are in.
- The character that wear RED in his film seem to have a trauma they need to overcome.
Due to the childhood trauma many of his characters face the movies are often told from a child like perspective, forcing the audience to relate the darkness with humour and light. Wes-Andersons colour palates deflect these negative issues try to cover them with happiness of the mystical world he has built.
Wes-Anderson costume design:
In the film the royal Tenenbaums Wes-Anderson has the three siblings wear the same outfits from their childhood to represent their arrested development. Wes-Anderson pairs colours specifically to characters with Mr Gustave wears purple, specific characters with trauma wear red. He is specific with what the characters wear depending on the colour scheme of the film as a whole.
(Nikolas Castanha, n.d.)
Chas Tenenbaum suffers from the trauma of his father leaving at a young age and the death of his wife.
( Jim Merrett, 2014)
Steve Zissou is trying to avenge his friend who was killed by a jaguar shark.
Target audience research
Upon researching I found commonly that romance movies have a typical demographic of women between the ages of 18 – 44.
(AdTrageting, n.d.)
According to the site Statista 22% more women prefer romance compared to men.
(Statista , n.d.)
Discussing my FMP idea:
Conclusion:
From my research I have come to the conclusion that my target audience is primarily for women between the ages of 15-25 , my reasoning is that women tend to prefer romances over men as shown in my research. My film is slightly childish and not as dramatic as most romances therefor I have chosen a younger age bracket. However, my film is for anyone who is a lover of light hearted romances.
age- 16
I think it will be a very aesthetically pleasing film to watch, with the creative stylistic approach you are going for. You could twist the plot or add in some background to the two characters to create a tenor between the audience and you as the director who is bringing forth the story.
age- 16
From listening to the story it sounds very happy and almost calming especially by using Wes-Andersons style, I specifically like that it ends happily.
age- 15
If portrayed well your short story will be an enjoyable watch, you could possibly add twist in the storyline to captivate the audience more.
age- 15
It sounds like a very sweet idea, reminds me of he film 'up', you could add some background on the characters.\
age- 44
Sounds like a good idea however, to stop it from becoming cliche add a plot twist that no-one could predict.
age- 44
I love a romance story especially when there is a good twist, hopefully there is going to be a happy ending.
Skills and techniques research
work done for colour therory, camera work, 1 minute short film
Harvard Referencing:
In the first weeks of college we were taught how to Harvard reference our work to ensure all examples sourced from the internet were properly referenced on our websites.
Camera work:
Shot types:
During the first week of college we were shown shot types and were then given a camera to produce our own examples of them. From this task I was then able to analyse short films by breaking down shot types used. And properly draw storyboards with the shot types labelled.
Lighting techniques:
3-point lighting examples. Creating our own examples enabled us to experiment with how much you want to reveal to the camera.
Faming and composition:
Upon learning about framing and composition I was able to plan the placement of objects within a shot, depending on where I want to direct the viewer's attention and the cameras focus.
180 degree rule:
When experimenting with filming we learnt about the 180 degree rule to ensure the viewers knew the placement of the characters on the screen when jumping from one shot to the next. We also learnt about the 30 degree rule to ensure this cuts to each shot did not look jar.
Camera settings:
Learning more about the camera we got to adjust the settings; white balance, shutter speed, IOS and Aperture. Which can all change the type of mood you want your film to have.
1-minute short film:
From the task of my 1-minute short film I have gained a better understanding on what it's like to create/make a film, therefore I am more equipped on what needs to be planned before filming.
Script writting:
From this previous task of script writing we were then instructed to direct actors on how to perform the scripts, from this task I was able to gain a better understanding on how to properly direct actors not only from performing the task myself; but from observing how my peers directed taking notes on how to improve myself.
How to edit colour on avid: Learn Avid Media Composer Fast - Tutorial 8 Colour Correction - YouTube
This button called a dual split, splits the screen between the edited and original colours enabling you to compare/see the difference.
Adjusting this affects anything black/darkness of the image.
Adjusting this affects anything white/brightness of the image.
Adjusting this affects anything grey/mid-tones of the image.
Dark red, green and blue
Light red, green and blue
In this example you can see all three colours are at the same level, however to colour correct or you need to do is adjust on the curve.
- Start with luminance, then move onto colour.
1-Set up
2- Gain
3- Gamma
1- Shadows
2- Highlights
3- Mids
Camera techniques:
Straffe Blocking
shot 1- slide camera across moving behind a wall/object.
shot 2- begin with camera behind a knew wall/object and slide out from it going behind another wall/object.
shot 3- slide out from behind a third knew wall/object.
Experimentation:
Edited
Split screen
colour edit
colour original
Original
For this shot I wanted to gain an idea on the set up of the props when using a birds-eye-view shot type, I was able to gain a clear shot of the ''letter'' as well as include other props, when editing I was able to play around with the colours making the shot's over-all tone warmer then the original footage.
When working out how to walk in/out of this scene I ran into the problem of keeping the camera in focus, It took a couple of tries as my aim was to get the camera as zoomed in on the calendar as I could. In the end I managed to find a suitable distance between me and the camera to ensure it stays focus on the calendar when I walk out of the shot.
In this footage to the right the camera was too zoomed in and therefor struggled to focus back onto the calendar when I left the shot:
colour original
colour edit
colour original
colour edit
For this experiment I was gaining an idea of where I wanted my actor to be looking when the doorbell would ring, and to gain a better example of the type of symmetry I will be displaying throughout my film. It took quite a few tries to get the right placement of the book and the way I would look towards the door keeping everything in focus but I got there in the end. With the help of a YouTube video I was able to make a template of the colour changes I had made to the previous edit pasting it over this footage.
colour original
colour edit
For this scene I was trying to make a smooth tilt, in some of my storyboards I will be using this technique to show the characters reaction to the letter however, I have not quite managed to make it as smooth as I had hoped. Upon speaking to my tutor I have been told to try to adjust the tripod. When editing I decided to try and add music to see how it fits with the theme and colour temperature of the shot, using the same colour template as before.
Audio:
Test 1Under blanket
00:00 / 00:33
Test 2No sound proof
00:00 / 00:29
Test 3Under quilt
00:00 / 00:27
Upon Listening to each test with the zoom I have concluded that test number 3 has the best quality by recording underneath a quilt, it has the clearest sound however, I do need to keep in mind the distance of the microphone from the person speaking to keep the volume at a nice pace and to ensure the zoom does not pick up any harsh sounds which will make the editing process a lot harder.
Pre -Production research
Production schedule:
Date
Week 6
--
7
Activity
Research and pre-production work
Person/people involved
Requirements
Me
Access to a computer and the internet.
Week 8
9/05/22
Filming/recording audio
Me (filming) Layla and Fin (actors)
Access to locations (house), equipment (camera, tripod and audio recorder) props.
Week 9
--
10
Editing
Me
Access to a computer/internet and avid media composer. Help from a tutor/YouTube tutorials.
Budget:
Description
Object(s)
Props
Costume
Cost
Letters/envelopes
calendar
stationary
plants
70p per pair
handmade £0
already owned
already owned
dresses
coloured t-shirt
jeans
already owned
Original average cost
new £50
new £20
new £40
£5
£20
Equipment
camera
tripod
zoom (audio recorder)
hired from the college for free
Location
My house
cousins house
friends door
All locations will be free to use
Transport
driven (car)
bus
free
£2.90 per person
Food
X2 meals +snacks all provided by me
£9 per person cost of food each day.
new £500
new £50
new £74
Activity at location(s)
RECCE sheet:
Lighting available, permission to film, power? Access to location agreed?
Audio problems
overcoming the problem(s)
There is lighting available from the overhead lamps, post production editing can make the lighting softer, ask when the kitchen will be in use to work. will be no need to use audio from film footage.
Noise from the garden
Weather could be bad therefor no natural lighting. The kitchen could be occupied. A power cut could occur.
Filming in a kitchen
Will be a silent film for the most part therefor no need to worry about audio from film footage. Wait for the weather to calm down, if not source footage from the internet, or use an umbrella to protect equipment.
Noise from cars
Weather conditions may be bad
Filming outside
Use a quite location, listen over the audio to ensure nothing is being picked up.
Background noise
Recording audio
Health and Safety:
Activity
Traveling with equipment
Hazard
Dropping or losing equiptment
Action/controls
Who is at risk?
Level of risk?
Ensuring all equipment has been put away properly, carry it carefully do not rush.
I am at faulty if any damages are done to the equipment.
Medium (no one would be hurt if anything happens to the equipment, but it is expensive)
Setting up the tripod
Trip over the legs
Make sure everyone is aware of the tripod being set up, keep it out of the way of any exits/middle of the walkway.
Anyone who walks into the room of filming (Me, the actors, family members of the household)
High (there is a risk of people being hurt)
Call sheet:
Production title:
Lost Letters
Date:
09.05.22-16/05/22
Location:
497 Maidstone road
Name
Role
Freya Emmett
Producer, Director, Cinematographer and editor
Number
07554325279
Finlay Hubbard
Actor
07511951689
//
Layla Thomas
Actor
07306274544
//
Prop list:
- Calendar
- Stationary
- Plants
- Cup of tea
- Stickers
(thriftycraftgirl, 2019)
(aliexpress, n.d.)
(Old fashiones families, n.d.)
(aliexpress, n.d.)
(Anon., n.d.)
- Letter's
(Vector stock , n.d.)
Contingence Plan:
Unavailability of actors
If an actor is unavailable on one of the days I will record everything that does not require them in the shot to not waste time with the equipment.
Faulty equipment
I Will ensure I check the equipment before taking it home, and that I have extra batteries for the camera.
Bad weather conditions
If there is no natural light I have the back-up of my ceiling lights and can edit in post-production.
Location unavailable
I will ensure to notify everyone that I am using the space to film, and also ask when people will be using the space to work around them.
Story board
1
2
3
5
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
Findings
From my research I managed to outline a question to explore in my project, a target audience, editing/camera skills and finally inspirations for my project. For primary research I spoke to my friends and family to gain an understand of their favourite genres and thoughts on my project this helped me to gain an understanding on the type of age that my genre of film would be typically targeted as well as any improvements that could be made on my idea/things to keep in mind further into development. For secondary research of my target audience specifically I looked into graphs showing the typical ages and gender of people that watch/like romances. Upon reflecting on similar media products for example the short film 'The Blacksmith' that is also inspired by Wes-Anderson I was able to vision my own short film noting down the shot types and even type of music used, this short filmed helped me to understand I do not need to over complicate my short film in order for it to make sense; instead I can use props and editing to my advantage to do the storytelling. Wes-Andersons films them selves inspired me to use his stylistic approach as I felt as though it would fit well with the genre and story as a whole, deciding on the shot types typically seen in his movies and the funky music/costume design. Further into my secondary research I watched various YouTube videos to further my skills on avid and was then able to experiment with this asking questions before editing the final product. Websites such as StudioBinder helped me to understand my question of colour in film to know what types of colour's to use to convey certain meanings/themes.
Research summary:
The reason behind why I chose this idea for my project is because of Wes-Anderson's films his stylistic approach inspired me to make this light-hearted love story in his filming ways. My goal is to create a simple love story between two characters a happy ending, expressing emotions through the use of colour and various props. With Wes-Anderson's inspiration of his stylistic approach I will be able to experiment with editing; a part of film I enjoy and would love to seek a career in. The basic premise of my project is that it's about two old pen-pals that get in touch again, I will explore how the use of colour can convey meaning; and will be filming in a similar stylistic approach of Wes-Anderson. Through my final project I am seeking to achieve a light hearted film that my target audience will enjoy through bright colour's and a happy ending. I have been able to find similar media products to further support my idea and help me to achieve my end goal, a short film also inspired by Wes-Anderson has helped me to gain an idea on the types of shot-types and the simplicity of my short film. I have also looked at Wes-Anderson's films to gain a further idea on the colour's he uses and the types of characters he has used and their own personal colour palettes as he is known to signify a certain colour with specific characters; further back in my research I have noted he used red when a character(s) has been through a trauma they need to overcome. To further support my use of colour I watched the film 'Amélie' which uses opposing colours to break up a scene, this technique can also be used to focus your attention on that objects/person signifying importance.
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